(Spoilers)
For our discussion on Tuesday, September 19, 2017, the Banned Book Club selected Brideshead Revisited by Evelyn Waugh. I was familiar with the story because I had seen the miniseries on Masterpiece Theater starring Jeremy Irons and Anthony Andrews back in the 1980’s. I didn’t quite understand the miniseries, why the story took the turns that it did, and why things didn’t seem to work out for the main character Charles Ryder by the end. I was hoping the book would shed some more light on it and it did. It wasn’t the easiest book to understand but I enjoyed it and maybe now that I’m an adult and have gone through much of the process of growing up, I can understand better. I also enjoyed the writing, the descriptions, and the inner reflections of the first person protagonist, Charles Ryder. The book takes place during times of great change in England as the power of the aristocracy wanes. Major events are mentioned such as the General Strike and the coronation of King Edward VIII in the 1930’s (or maybe it was Kind George VI). Religion also plays an important role since the Flytes, the aristocratic family with whom Charles becomes entangled, are minority Catholics in a Protestant country.
I already knew that Brideshead was the name of the large country estate of the Flytes, though Lord Marchmain had long since settled in Italy with his mistress. He has actually gone to the Lido while his wife Lady Marchmain “never went near the Lido, of course.” (p. 58) But I didn’t know that Charles’ army camp (the novel’s “present day” with most of the story told in flashback) lies “along one gentle slope; opposite us the ground led, still unravished, to the neighborly horizon, and between us flowed a stream—it was named the Bride and rose not two miles away at a farm called Bridesprings, where we used to walk to tea; it became a considerable river lower down before it joined the Avon.” (p. 17) I remember the fountain at Brideshead from the miniseries: “an oval basin with an island of sculptured rocks at its center; on the rocks grew, in stone, formal tropical vegetation and wild English fern in its natural fronds.” (p. 89)
Waugh has a rambling writing style that can sometimes be hard to follow but can also create vivid images. In his letters referenced at the end of the book, he states about it, “I should not think six Americans will understand it.” (p. 3 of the letters) He kind of comments on the writing through Charles’ narration who describes how Lady Marchmain “came to see me and, again, I must reduce to a few words a conversation which took us from Holywell to the parks through Mesopotamia, and over the ferry to north Oxford where she was staying.” (p. 161) In his letters, Waugh observes that, “The first person singular is a most treacherous form of narration, I found. It is so fatally easy in some ways, one can go on and on almost effortlessly and then one comes upon something which ‘I’ cannot possibly say which must be said.” (p. 9 of the letters)
Waugh uses many words in the book that were new to me. In the preface he states that, “Much of this book is therefore a panegyric preached over an empty coffin.” (p. x) A panegyric is a lofty oration or writing in praise of a person or thing. Charles narrates that, “Strife was internecine during the next fortnight” (p. 79) where internecine means destructive to both sides in a conflict. The drawing room at Brideshead is “a long, elaborate, symmetrical Adam room, with two bays of windows opening onto Green Park.” (p. 238) I’m not sure what an “Adam room” is. At a bar “Half a dozen youths were drinking and playing with slot machines; an older, natty, crapulous-looking man seemed to be in control.” (p. 310) Crapulous means marked by intemperance, especially drinking. Rex’s public life approaches “a climacteric” (p. 341) that’s a period of decreasing reproductive activity. Maybe it has another meaning I don’t know that applies better. In the Letters section, Waugh writes, “My Magnum Opus is turning into a jeroboam” (p. 9) that’s a wine bottle with a capacity four times that of a regular bottle.
The book also includes some familiar words and names. Lunt, the dorm servant at Oxford tells Charles, “And there’s some even goes dancing in town at the Masonic—but the proctors will get them, you see.” (p. 23) By leaving Hardcastle’s car out, Charles and Sebastian get “him into grave trouble with the proctors.” (p. 43) Proctor seems to mean enforcer of the rules as opposed to an invigilator who administers an exam. Later Charles and Sebastian watch “the grave crowds crossing and recrossing under the campanile.” (p. 110) That reminds me of that restaurant in Los Angeles that served gourmet grilled cheese sandwiches. One character has the nickname “Boy” Mulcaster that sound Filipino. Charles’ sees Rex Motram’s name “now and again peeping into the Tatler” (p. 268) that sounds like a tattletale magazine. At an exhibition of Charles’ paintings, Anthony Blanche tells him, “I have not come to a social function; I do not want my photograph in the Tatler, I have not come to exhibit myself. I have come to see the pictures.” (p. 308) Around that time in the book, Celia tells Charles, “Mr. Samgrass. Apparently he’s one of Lord Copper’s middle-aged young men on the Daily Beast.” (p. 304) I think the Daily Beast and Lord Copper show up in another book by Waugh called Scoop. I remember watching a Masterpiece Theater production of Scoop and one of the characters often says to another, “Up to a point, Lord Copper.”
Most of the book covers Charles’ life from college to early adulthood. By the “present day” during World War II, he is in his late 30’s. Early on he narrates, “It seems to me that I grew younger with each adult habit I acquired.” Lord Marchmain’s mistress Cara tells Charles that his Lordship “is very fond of me and I protect him from his own innocence. We are comfortable … Sebastian is in love with his own childhood. That will make him very unhappy. His teddy-bear, his nanny … and he is nineteen years old.” (p. 114) Sebastian later tells Charles, “it’s a rather pleasant change when all your life you’ve had people looking after you, to have someone to look after yourself. Only of course it has to be someone pretty hopeless to need looking after by me.” (p. 248)
Waugh very effectively presents the subtle dysfunction of the Flyte family. After crashing a car Rex says that Sebastian “is liable for anything up to six months imprisonment for being drunk in charge of a car.” (p. 135) Lady Marchmain tells Charles, “I slept very little last night, and all the time I kept coming back to one thing; he (Sebastian) was so unhappy.” (p. 163) Charles warns Lady Marchmain, “If you worry (Sebastian) with keepers and cures he’ll be a physical wreck in a few years.” (p. 188) She laments that “Any failure in my children is my failure.” (p. 194) Later Cordelia tells Charles, “I wonder if you remember the story mummy read us the evening Sebastian first got drunk—I mean the bad evening. ‘Father Brown’ said something like, ‘I caught him’ (the thief) ‘with an unseen hook and an invisible line which is long enough to let him wander to the ends of the world and still bring him back with a twitch upon the thread.” (p. 254) She goes on to describe how her mom is like that with her grown children.
Religion is also a strong theme in the book because the Flyte family is Catholic in heavily Protestant England. Charles says, to Bridey, “For God’s sake,” I said because I was near to tears that morning, “why bring God into everything?” Bridey answers, “I’m sorry. I forgot. But you know that’s an extremely funny question.” (p. 164) By the end, Julia tells Charles, “Probably I shall be bad again, punished again. But the worse I am, the more I need God. I can’t shut myself out from his mercy … But I saw today things in the schoolroom, so bad they were unpunishable, that only mummy could deal with—the bad thing was on the point of doing, that I was not quite good enough to do; to set up a rival good to God’s. Why should I be allowed to understand that and not you, Charles?” (p. 392-393)
The book was banned because of its gay characters such as the overt Anthony Blanch, the more subtle Sebastian and potentially Charles. Blanche tells some students planning to kick him out of a place on campus, “nothing could give me more pleasure than to be manhandled by you meaty boys.” Sebastian tells Charles that Anthony Blanche “wrote to me. Apparently he’s taken a flat in Munich—he has formed an attachment to a policeman there.” (p. 118) A couple of women potentially for hire at the Old Hundreth club say about Charles and Sebastian, “we’re wasting our time. They’re only fairies.” (p. 129) Julia asks Charles why he married Celia and he answers, “Physical attraction. Ambition. Everyone agrees she’s the ideal wife for a painter. Loneliness, missing Sebastian.”
“You lived him, didn’t you?”
“Oh yes. He was the forerunner.” (p.295)
Later Julia says to Charles, “It’s frightening … to think how completely you have forgotten Sebastian.”
“He was the forerunner.”
“That’s what you said in the storm. I’ve thought since, perhaps I am only a forerunner, too.” (p. 348)
In 2005, Alabama State Representative Gerard Allen proposed House Bill 30 that would have banned public school libraries from purchasing books by gay authors or with gay characters. The billed also proposed that books with gay characters and college textbooks that suggested homosexuality was natural would have to be removed and destroyed. Banned books included Brideshead Revisited with its gay character Anthony Blanche and potential romantic love between Charles Ryder and Sebastian Flyte. The bill was proposed to “protect our culture” and prevent immoral ideas from spreading. The bill did not pass.
We had a good discussion on September 19. I believe at least 6 or 7 people showed up. Most of us believed that Charles and Sebastian have a romantic relationship even though Charles isn’t gay. The situation is more complex than that, just as Sebastian’s relationship with his family simply isn’t “affluenza” or alcoholism on his part. We talked about Charles’ future. By the end of the book he is “loveless, friendless, and homeless.” But some of us felt he would find love again. We talked about end and why Julia feels she has to choose her Catholic faith over Charles. When I first saw the English TV series many years ago I thought it was depressing. But now I understand it better, though not as well as the six Americans who understand it.